The nurse is caring for a chronic alcoholic who is being aggressively treated with diuretic therapy. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances may typically occur with this treatment of alcoholism?
A) Hyperphosphatemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Hypomagnesemia
D
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Hypomagnesemia, a total serum magnesium level of less than 1.5 mEq/L or 1.8 mg/dL, is most commonly caused by chronic alcoholism and severe congestive heart failure (CHF) that is being aggressively treated with diuretic therapy. Hyperphosphatemia, an elevation of serum phosphate above 4.5 mg/dL, is commonly caused by decreased renal excretion; redistribution from the ICF to the ECF; or increased intake or intestinal absorption of phosphate. Hyperkalemia, a serum potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L or greater, can result from inadequate excretion (e.g., renal failure). Hypernatremia, a serum sodium level of 145 mEq/L or greater, is most commonly caused by water loss and an excess of sodium.
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