The placenta:
1. produces nutrients for fetal nutrition.
2. secretes both estrogen and progesterone.
3. forms a protective, impenetrable barrier to microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses.
4. excretes prolactin and insulin.
2
1. Incorrect. The placenta does not produce nutrients. The placenta functions as a means of metabolic exchange between the maternal and fetal blood supplies.
2. Correct. One of the early functions of the placenta is as an endocrine gland that produces four hormones necessary to maintain the pregnancy and support the embryo and fetus—hCG, hPL, estrogen, and progesterone.
3. Incorrect. Many bacteria and viruses can cross the placental membrane.
4. Incorrect. One of the early functions of the placenta is as an endocrine gland that produc-es four hormones necessary to maintain the pregnancy and support the embryo and fe-tus—hCG, hPL, estrogen, and progesterone.
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