Subjects are said to be assigned randomly when
a. they are selected to participate in an experiment from a sample which is representative of the larger population.
b. they each have an equal chance of being assigned to either the experimental or control group.
c. they are assigned to experimental and control groups so that the groups differ on some critical variable before the experiment begins.
d. neither the experimenter nor the subject knows whether the subject is in the experimental or control group.
ANSWER: b
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