Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Researchers with a philosophy of positivism believe that an objective reality exists apart from the perceptions of those who observe it.
2. Positivists believe that there is an external, objective reality but are sensitive to the complexity of the reality and limitations of the scientists who study it.
3. One of the positivist guidelines is that ideas should be tested against empirical reality without becoming too personally invested in a particular outcome.
4. Positivist guidelines say that a researcher should not maintain a skeptical stance toward current knowledge because they should have confidence in their investigations.
5. The constructivist paradigm is an extension of interpretivist philosophy.


1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True

Criminal Justice

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A defense in which the defendant claims the other party was the aggressor and the defendant acted in self-defense is known as the

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If you were to look for a theory that views delinquency as a result of a youth's dysfunctional or destructive relationship with the critical elements of socialization in his or her life—family, peers, schools, community—where the dysfunctionality causes the youth to see delinquency as a feasible alternative, which of the following theories should you choose?

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