Describe the various types of nucleic acids that are typically found in cells

Question

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Answer 1

All cells possess one or more DNA molecules that serve as the genetic blueprint of the cell; these molecules are generally referred to as chromosomes. Prokaryotic chromosomes differ from eukaryotic chromosomes in their number and physical shape. Eukaryotic chromosomes tend to be more complex in their organization, involving specialized packaging proteins called histones. Eukaryotic cells also tend to contain more chromosomes than prokaryotes, which have no more than two chromosomes. In addition, all cells contain additional nucleic acid in the form of various types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, primer RNA, siRNA, miRNA, and rRNA), which are used to assist in the cell's genetic processes. Most cells contain other types of nucleic acid, such as plasmids or the DNA found in organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Plasmids are a common form of prokaryotic DNA and confer a variety of special abilities to the cell, depending on the specific genes carried by the plasmid. Some eukaryotic cells may also contain plasmids. The DNA of eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts is used to partially control the activities of these organelles in conjunction with genes found in the cell's nucleus.
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Section: Gene Function
Learning Outcome: 7.2, 7.11, 7.18