Which of the following questions is not an element in a research-supported conception of formative assessment?

A. Formative assessment is a process, not a test.
B. Formative assessment calls for the use of assessment-elicited evidence in making adjustment decisions.
C. Formative assessment should be used only by teachers to adjust their ongoing instructional activities.
D. Formative assessment must be carefully planned.


C

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Robert continues to improve in spelling because he has been receiving happy-face stickers when his scores on spelling quizzes improve. Of the following, which is the best description of the happy-face stickers?

a. They are positive reinforcers. b. They are negative reinforcers. c. They are conditioned stimuli. d. They are forms of response cost.

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A formal plan that accounts and plans for income and expenditures is referred to as a

A. credit report. B. grant. C. loan. D. budget.

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Cognitive psychologists often use the computer as an analogy to explain the relation between cognition and the brain: cognition is the "hardware" and the brain is the "software."

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

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Assessment is an ongoing process rather than a single paper and pencil test

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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