What are some of the strengths and limitations of observational research in implementation science?
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Observational research, for example cohort, cross-sectional, and case study designs, can be used to identify practical challenges or problems in the effective implementation of public health programs; these methods also can reveal factors that potentially facilitate effective implementation. Observational methods are used to inform the design of logical models or conceptual frameworks that map implementation processes to hypothesized health outcomes. Students should note that observational research can generate hypotheses about why an evidence-based intervention is not achieving expected outcomes, or how to overcome identified barriers to better health outcomes. However, observational research cannot be used to test hypotheses or draw causal inferences about the impacts of a particular implementation strategy or approach.
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