Regarding whether the neutralization of the crime for the offender occurs prior to or after the act of shoplifting, Cromwell and Thurman suggest
a. after the act only, as suggested by Coleman.
b. both: a post-crime rationalization may serve as a pre-crime rationalization the next time.
c. both: shoplifting easily becomes self-reinforcing behavior.
d. prior to act only, as held by Sykes and Matza.
B
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Reverse record checks involve validation of reported behavior on the basis of studying a group whose behavior is already known
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Unwanted media attention, liability, and termination are a result of:
a. Officers adhering to principles. b. Officers not adhering to principles or accepted rules of conduct. c. Rules of conduct. d. Principles and rules of conduct of officers.
Which of the following is not a significant aspect of problem-solving courts?
a. A focus on addressing offenders’ underlying problems b. Judicial supervision of offenders c. A focus on punishing offenders d. Sanctions for noncompliance
Inchoate crimes include attempts, solicitation, and conspiracies
Indicate whether the statement is true or false