Miles, a bit shy and reserved, watches as his best friend eagerly volunteers to present his end-of-semester project to the entire class. Impressed with his willingness to volunteer, the teacher awards Miles’ friend with extra points. This time, when
the teacher asks for volunteers, Miles is the first to raise his hand. This illustrates what Bandura called __________ in the process of observational learning.
a. attention
b. retention
c. motor reproduction
d. motivation
Answer: D
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The local school board in Middletown recently asked that the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) be administered to all fifth-grade students. It is particularly interested in the scores from the spatial relations and abstract reasoning sections. Based on the research into gender differences in cognitive abilities, you should expect that
a. the male students will score higher than the female students on both these two sections of the test. b. the male students will score higher than the female students on the spatial relations section of the test. c. the female students will score higher than the male students on both these two sections of the test. d. the female students will score higher than the male students on the spatial relations section of the test.
Even though she was only a toddler at the time, 45-year-old Jean has a vivid picture in her mind of her mother weeping when the television announced that President Kennedy had been assassinated. Jean's experience is an example of which of the following?
a. retrograde amnesia b. tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon c. overlearning d. misinformation effect e. flashbulb memory
DRD4, the dopamine receptor gene, has been linked to ____
a. inhibition b. attention c. impulsivity d. cognition
Koffka believed that each environmental event we experienced gave rise to specific activity in the brain that he called a ____; in addition, he called a remnant of this a ____.
a. memory process; memory trace b. memory trace; memory process c. memory process; trace system d. memory engram; trace system