Michael (8 months old) startled when Sara's father came in the door. He relaxed after he looked at his teacher's face and saw that she was smiling. He was judging the safety of the situation through:
A) emotional expression
B) his own fearful expression
C) social referencing
D) an emotional display
C
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Risk factors affecting infants and children can be classified as genetic, prenatal, perinatal, and ______________________
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The No Child Left Behind Act mandates that federal dollars may be spent only on instructional methods and materials that
a. have scientifically-based evidence of their effectiveness. b. have demonstrated that they meet the needs of the local community. c. challenge students to expand their competence. d. demonstrate a high moral standard.
Myrna, Joey's teacher, realizes that Joey needs more time than other children before he will relax and smile in the morning after his Dad brings him into the center. She recognizes which of the following temperamental traits in Joey?
A) Biological rhythms/mood B) Approach/withdrawal and adaptability C) Distractibility/sensitivity D) Activity level/persistence
Three of the following are assumptions that underlie contemporary cognitive theories of learning. Which one is not such an assumption?
a. Mental events can be studied indirectly by observing behavior. b. Humans often learn by relating new information to what they already know. c. Researchers can study mental events only by abandoning objectivity. d. Humans sometimes learn differently than other species do.