What receptors cause a rapid shallow breathing pattern when stimulated by pulmonary disease?
a. Irritant receptors
b. J receptors
c. Muscle spindles
d. Peripheral proprioceptors
ANS: B
C fibers in the lung parenchyma near the pulmonary capillaries are called juxtacapillary receptors or J receptors. Alveolar inflammatory processes (pneumonia), pulmonary vascular congestion (congestive heart failure), and pulmonary edema stimulate these receptors. This stimulation caus-es rapid, shallow breathing; a sensation of dyspnea; and expiratory narrowing of the glottis.
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