Describe the steps of inflammation and how inflammation supports immunity
What will be an ideal response?
Inflammation begins with tissue damage that, with the entrance of pathogens, promotes degranulation of white blood cells. Also, complement proteins can trigger degranulation of white blood cells. Degranulation releases local signalling molecules such as histamines and prostaglandins. The release of these inflammatory chemicals cause arterioles to widen, increasing blood flow (and more white blood cells) to the injured area. Additionally, the capillary walls become leaky, allowing phagocytes to leave the capillaries and enter the damaged tissue. By this time, pathogens have been coated with activated complement, making them easy targets for phagocytes.
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Which of the following parasites is responsible for half of all malaria cases?
a. Plasmopara viticola b. Trypanosoma brucei c. Plasmodium falciparum d. Phytophthora infestans
Under what conditions is asexual and under what conditions is sexual reproduction favored by the three evolutionary models involving environmental unpredictability, number of niches, and parasite load?
Environmental unpredictability: Low: High: Number of niches: Low: High: Parasite load: Low: High: What will be an ideal response?
Describe the major biotic and abiotic components of marine ecosystems and how they affect energy and trophic dynamics
What will be an ideal response?
The two principal divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the
a. somatic and autonomic systems. b. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. c. peripheral and central systems. d. afferent and autonomic systems. e. cranial and skeletal nerves.