In a variable-ratio schedule, the reinforcer is given
a. after a fixed number of nonreinforced responses.
b. after a variable number of nonreinforced responses.
c. for the first response that occurs after a fixed amount of time has elapsed.
d. for the first response that occurs after a variable amount of time has elapsed.
B
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What causes some babies to be born with external genitals intermediate between male and female? a. A female fetus is exposed to a high fever because of her mother's illness. b. A female fetus is exposed to less than the usual amount of estrogens. c. A male fetus is exposed to more than the usual amount of estrogens
d. A female fetus is exposed to more than the usual amount of testosterone.
Hue is to pitch as brightness is to
a. timbre. b. purity. c. loudness. d. retinal disparity.
Natural selection refers to the a. ability of farmers and breeders to develop animals with specific traits, such as fast horses and hairless Chihuahuas. b. ability to select embryos with certain characteristics during in vitro fertilization
c. success of one trait over another in the survival of a species. d. dominance of genes for one trait, such as dark eye color, over another, such as blue eye color.
Many women with Turner syndrome experience a. unusually good verbal abilities
b. deficits in verbal abilities. c. unusually good spatial relations. d. deficits in the processing of spatial relations.