In the United States Courts of Appeals, where cases are normally decided by panels of three judges, a party may request all of the judges of the court to participate in what is known as a (an) _________ rehearing of the case

a. plenary
b. per curiam
c. de novo
d. en banc


ANS: D

Criminal Justice

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Boston shoemaker, John Augustus, is generally recognized as the founder of modern probation

a. True b. False

Criminal Justice

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. If the government is unable to prove dangerousness, the defendant will remain in custody. 2. A person who pleads not guilty by reason of insanity claims that he or she should not be held responsible for his or her actions because he or she acted as a result of a mental disease or defect. 3. There is only one test for determining insanity. 4. The irresistible impulse test was adopted by various states as a new standard. 5. After 1982 the burden of proving insanity shifted to the defendant.

Criminal Justice

Civilianization is defined as a law enforcement agency's hiring of non-sworn personnel to replace or augment its corps of sworn officers

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

Criminal Justice

By allowing the first couple to leave without being cited, despite the fact that technically they were guilty of an infraction, the Officer Smith was exhibiting:

a. normative ethics. b. malfeasance. c. discretion. d. an ethical dilemma.

Criminal Justice