Preemption is best described as ________
A. the right of a national law or regulation to preclude enforcement of a state or local law or regulation
B. an agreement among two or more states that must be approved by Congress
C. the legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed
D. a requirement the national government imposes as a condition for receiving federal funds
E. a strict separation of powers between the national and state governments in which each layer has its own responsibilities, and reigns supreme within its constitutional realm
A
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The doctrine of stare decisis
A. means to reverse the decision of a lower court. B. says that the court does not have jurisdiction in a case. C. allows the court to refer a case to the next highest court. D. is the policy of following precedent established by past decisions to decide cases. E. means strict interpretation.
According to your text, how did the Civil War shift party alignments to render the 1860 contest a critical election?
a. It created a North-South division. b. It created an economic division. c. It created polarized parties with loyal members. d. It created a racial division. e. It created an ethical division.
If the U.S. had kept to diplomat George Kennan’s preferred version of containment rather than the Truman Doctrine version, could that have shaped how its leaders saw the conflict in Vietnam?
a. probably not, given that Kennan’s vision was less ideological, but still confrontational b. probably, since Kennan thought the U.S.’s main interest was containment of Soviet power and influence, not communism per se c. probably, since Kennan had been against defending Greece and Turkey from Soviet power d. probably not, since leaders would have adopted his vision of containment against the power and influence of other communist powers as well
Which of the following hurt the reelection campaign of Democratic president Jimmy Carter?
a. the perception that he was a cold fish b. the personal warmth of his opponent, Walter Mondale c. the poor state of the economy in that year and foreign policy problems d. the rapid increase in military spending authorized by Carter