A spurious relationship is one in which:
a. there is a positive relationship between two variables.
b. the relationship between two variables disappears when the effects of other
variables are taken into account.
c. the independent variable occurs later in time than does the dependent variable.
d. inductive reasoning is used but not deductive reasoning
B
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Which of the following is (are) among the special properties of the data that influence the
choosing of appropriate statistics?
a. level of measurement b. the shape of the data distribution c. whether observations are made independently of one another d. all of the answers represent such special properties
According to Boss, what type of loss might families experience in response to a family member's
mental illness? a) Ambiguous loss b) Catastrophic loss c) Traumatic loss d) Sudden loss
One of the reasons that increasing urbanization contributed to problems of poverty was:
a. people in the country had access to more resources. b. people in the city had fewer close relationships. c. people in the city were wage earners. d. all of the above.
External validity is enhanced by:
a. Nonprobability sampling b. Conducting the study at multiple sites c. Having a comparison group d. Randomly assigning participants into groups e. Using a very homogenous group of participants