Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi describe ordinary crime as providing immediate and easy gratification of desires, few long-term benefits, little skill or planning, and pain for the victim
Based on this description of ordinary crime, they define crime as
a. "violations of the historically determined rights of individuals."
b. "violations of federal, state, or local criminal laws."
c. "acts of force or fraud undertaken in pursuit of self-interest."
d. "deviations from widely accepted social norms."
Answer: c
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