To teach a tiger to jump through a flaming hoop, the tiger is first reinforced for jumping up on a certain pedestal, then for leaping from that pedestal to another. Next the tiger has to jump through a hoop between the pedestals to get the reward
Finally, the hoop is set afire and the tiger must jump through it to get the reward. This is an example of __________ .
a. modeling
b. shaping
c. negative reinforcement
d. secondary learning
b
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If Candy is trying to remember a very frightening movie, her ____ would be especially active.
A. hippocampus B. right hemisphere temporal lobe C. thalamus D. left hemisphere amygdala
One's food preferences, attitudes, political opinions, musical tastes, and so forth are examples of what Allport called __________ traits
a. cardinal b. central c. primary d. secondary
Some researchers suggest that the most proficient tool users while in captivity are
a. orangutans. c. chimpanzees. b. gorillas. d. capuchin monkeys.
In a study of how memory processes unfold over time, as described in the textbook, a team of researchers asked participants to retrieve autobiographical memories while undergoing fMRI scans. Researchers found that
a. the same brain areas that are most active during encoding are most active during retrieval. b. as elaboration takes place, areas responsible for encoding become more and more active than those for retrieval. c. early in the process, before participants elaborated their memories, structures like the hippocampus were active. d. psychological models of encoding and retrieval apparently are unrelated to processes in the brain.