What theory of decision making states that decisions are made logically by determining the likelihood of each outcome of any one decision as well as considering the positive or negative value of each outcome?
a. Prospect theory
b. Rationalization theory
c. Rational choice theory
d. Optimization theory
Answer: C
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Which of the following statements best summarizes the history of development psychology?
a) In the late 1800s and early 1900s, psychologists began studying children. At the same time, they also began focusing on adult development and aging. b) In the late 1800s and early 1900s, psychologists began studying children. A decade or two later, they began focusing on adult development and aging. c) In the late 1800s and early 1900s, psychologists began studying children. In the 1960s and 1970s, they began focusing on adult development and aging. d) In the late 1930s and 1940s, psychologists began studying children. In the 1960s and 1970s, they began focusing on adult development and aging.
Which of the following is a side effect of harsh punishment?
A) It models aggression. B) It helps children distinguish between prosocial and antisocial behaviors. C) It permanently stops children's misbehavior. D) It encourages children to seek closeness with adults.
Taylor, Rhodes, and Gelman (2009) investigated reasoning about gender-related properties. Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the researchers' conclusions?
a. Children and college students claimed greater flexibility in behavioral properties for boys than for girls. b. Children and college students thought that girls were more likely to be influenced in a masculine direction than boys were to be influenced in a feminine direction. c. Children treat the concepts of boy and girl as equivalent to species, in the extent to which features are inborn, inflexible, and intrinsically linked to category membership. d. College students viewed both male and female behavior as more open to the environment and more flexible.
Piaget's conservation-of-liquid task demonstrates that preoperational children's thinking is characterized by __________ in that they focus on one aspect of a situation, neglecting other important features
A) dynamic transformation B) centration C) hierarchical classification D) irreversibility