Identify and describe three heuristics that people use in forming and using cognitive maps
What will be an ideal response?
1 . Right-angle bias: People tend to think of intersections (e.g., street crossings) as forming 90-degree angles more often than the intersections really.
2 . Symmetry heuristic: People tend to think of shapes (e.g., states or countries) as being more symmetrical than they really are.
3 . Rotation heuristic: When representing figures and boundaries that are slightly slanted (i.e., oblique), people tend to distort the images as being either more vertical or more horizontal than they really are.
4 . Alignment heuristic: People tend to represent landmarks and boundaries that are slightly out of alignment by distorting their mental images to be better aligned than they really are.
5 . Relative-position heuristic: The relative positions of particular landmarks and boundaries is distorted in mental images in ways that more accurately reflect people's conceptual knowledge about the contexts in which the landmarks and boundaries are located, rather than reflecting the actual spatial configurations.
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Which item is incorrect?
A. Practice with onsets and rimes (sometimes called phonograms) and, in particular, using consonant substitution is increasingly viewed as important. One reason for this is that when students have good familiarity with a rime, they can figure out other words that end with the same combination. B. Research has shown that a number of spelling variables are related to students' word reading accuracy and fluency. C. When a student encounters an unknown word, the first strategy should be to encourage the student to skip the word and read to the end of the sentence in order to guess the word from context. D. Readers' skill in reading multisyllabic words with ease relies on their deftness at separating long words into syllables.
Children's reactions to their own physical disabilities are largely
A) a reflection of how others respond to them. B) dependent on the nature and degree of their disabilities. C) dependent on whether they use a wheelchair for mobility. D) a reflection of how well they achieve academically.
Distinguish low-road transfer from high-road transfer.
What will be an ideal response?
An example of a measurable objective stated in behavioral terms is:
A. Children will understand … B. Children can learn … C. Children will know … D. Children can name …