In human medicine, some drugs (like nitroglycerin) are given sublingually (under the tongue). Why would these drugs not be given orally?
What will be an ideal response?
Sublingual routes protect drugs like nitroglycerin from chemical decomposition in the stomach or the first-pass effect in the liver. If given orally, nitroglycerin is absorbed and transported to the liver. There it is destroyed before it can reach its site of action. When given sublingually, nitroglycerin is absorbed into the blood vessels and transported to its site of action (the coronary vessels and the heart).
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Catecholamines:
a. are derived from cholesterol b. are secreted by the adrenal medulla c. include epinephrine as the major hormone d. include estrogen and testosterone e. are lipophilic
Which muscle is the prime mover for sticking your tongue out?
A. Buccinator B. Mentalis C. Hyoglossus D. Masseter E. Genioglossus
Why is it dangerous to administer an intravenous line of pure water to a patient?
A) The pure water will draw more water out of the red blood cells causing them to shrink. B) The pure water will move into the red blood cells causing them to lyse. C) The pure water will draw out proteins from the red blood cells, causing them to shrink. D) The pure water will move out of the red blood cells causing them to lyse.
The membrane potential of most neurons at rest is
A. equal to the equilibrium potential for sodium. B. more positive than the equilibrium potential for sodium. C. more positive than the equilibrium potential for potassium. D. equal to the equilibrium potential for potassium. E. slightly more negative than the equilibrium potential of potassium ion.