Concerning the newborn's developing cardiovascular system, nurses should be aware that:
1. a crying infant could have a heart rate that rises to 120 beats/min.
2. heart murmurs heard after the first few hours are cause for concern.
3. the point of maximal impulse (PMI) is often visible on the chest wall.
4. persistent bradycardia may indicate respiratory distress syndrome.
3
1. Incorrect. Normal heart rate for nonsleeping infants is 120 to 160. However, a crying in-fant could temporarily have a heart rate of 180.
2. Incorrect. Heart murmurs during the first few days of life have no pathologic signific-ance; irregular heart rate past the first few hours should be evaluated further.
3. Correct. The thin chest wall often lets you see the PMI.
4. Incorrect. Persistent tachycardia may indicate RDS; bradycardia may be a sign of conge-nital heart blockage.
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