To overcome long-term osmotic challenges caused by osmotic changes in the external environment, osmoconformers
a. raise their cellular content of sodium, potassium and chloride ions.
b. lower the level of sodium, potassium and chloride ions in the ICF.
c. raise the osmotic pressure of ICF by raising the level of organic osmolytes.
d. raise intracellular ion content and ICF osmotic pressure.
e. lower ICF ion content and osmotic pressure.
C
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The contraction of the piloerector muscles (pilomotor muscle or arrector pili) in humans causes ________.
A. hairs to stand on end with no apparent function B. hairs to stand on end to make the individual appear bigger C. generation of heat to raise the body temperature D. hairs to stand on end, trapping an insulating layer of warm air next to the skin E. increased ability to feel pain
Describe a portal triad
A) A portal triad consists of two lobes of the liver and the gallbladder. B) A portal triad consists of the three primary lobes of the liver. C) A portal triad consists of an interlobular vein, an interlobular artery, and an interlobular bile duct. D) A portal triad consists of three hepatocytes forming a lobule. E) A portal triad consists of a central vein, bile canaliculi, and bile ductules.
An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is ________
A) less than water
B) much higher than water
C) the same as water
D) slightly higher than water
Over the past couple of decades, the correlation between number of antidepressant prescriptions and younger patient suicide rates has been:
A) nonexistent. B) positive; as the number of antidepressant prescriptions increases, so does the younger patient suicide rate. C) negative; as the number of antidepressant prescriptions increases, the younger patient suicide rate decreases. D) first negative (in the 1990s), then positive (in the twenty-first century).