An S4 is best described as
a. an early diastolic filling sound associated with rapid ventricular filling.
b. a rumbling or blowing sound heard throughout systole.
c. a high-pitched clicking sound occurring early in diastole.
d. a late diastolic filling sound associated with atrial contraction.
D
The S4 heart sound is a low-frequency vibration caused by atrial contraction. It precedes S1 of the next cycle and is known as atrial diastolic gallop. An S4 heart sound is a late diastolic filling sound. An S3 is an early diastolic filling sound associated with rapid ventricular filling. A holosystolic heart murmur is a rumbling or blowing sound heard throughout systole. An opening snap is a high-pitched clicking sound occurring early in diastole.
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