Most courts have held that when an ordinary citizen who is a victim or eyewitness provides information
a. officers can assume the citizen is a reliable informant.
b. the reliability of the citizen must be established.
c. the reliability of the citizen is tested by the same rules as for confidential informants engaged in criminalactivity
d. the information must be in a sworn statement before the officer can legally rely on it.
a
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Research into racial profiling has confirmed that it does exist in all lawenforcement agencies across the United States
a. True b. False
The Fourth amendment does not apply universally to inmates because:
A. the safety of prisoners is paramount. B. inmates do not have the right to profit. C. maliciously and sadistically applied punishment is difficult to prove. D. what is reasonable within the walls of prison may be different than what is reasonable beyond those walls.
The written statement of the essential facts of the offense charged against the accused and issued by a grand jury is known as ______.
A. information B. indictment C. interdiction D. accusation
________ involve(s) the use of undercover methods to control large-scale crime.
A. Crime analysis units B. Sting operations C. COMPSTAT D. SWAT teams