Tracy consumed alcohol almost daily while she was pregnant. Her newborn baby has growth deficiency and facial malformations. What is the name for the pattern of birth defects that can occur due to exposure to alcohol?
A) Prenatal alcohol syndrome
B) Natal alcohol syndrome
C) Ethanol spectrum disorder
D) Fetal alcohol syndrome
Ans: D
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Alcohol is a teratogen, meaning that it crosses the placenta when women drink during pregnancy and can cause adverse fetal effects. The most clearly alcohol-related birth defect is a specific pattern called fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), the leading known preventable cause of mental retardation. Manifestations of FAS include prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency; facial malformations, including a small head circumference, flattened midface, sunken nasal bridge, and flattened and elongated groove between nose and upper lip; CNS dysfunction; and varying degrees of major organ system malfunction.
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