The competing interests associated with probation have been found to cause a great deal of stress and uncertainty for many supervision officers. Indeed, ambiguity and uncertainty tend to generate stress for most persons because it is simply human nature to desire a sense of control and/or mastery over one’s environment. Amidst ambiguous and competing messages, this sense of mastery or security is difficult to achieve. This then leads to a competing professional identity among probation officers termed _______________ and is a primary source of burnout among CSOs.

a. role identity confusion
b. lack of promotional opportunities
c. professional accountability
d. changing or conflicting policies and/or procedures


a. role identity confusion

Criminal Justice

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Ordinances are written laws of government agencies.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Criminal Justice

A forensic practitioner's decisions relating to insanity and incompetence must be guided by what?

a. Research b. The DSM-5 c. The totality of the circumstances d. The hiring attorney

Criminal Justice

Which of the following is needed within a police department to effectively applying the philosophy of the current era of policing?

A. creation of a crime prevention specialist B. implementation of cultural transformation C. creation of a community relations department D. implementation of a neighborhood mini-station

Criminal Justice

Explain why prison gangs pose serious problems for prison officials and staff.

What will be an ideal response?

Criminal Justice