At the National Zoological Park in Washington, D.C., a polar bear suffered a broken tooth, and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem. The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door, then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth. Finally, a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward. This is an example of _______.
A. positive punishment
B. shaping
C. negative reinforcement
D. secondary learning
Answer: B
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Which brain feature, according to the textbook, is most closely involved in the priming, drug cues, craving, and stress that all contribute to substance-related disorders?
a. Mesolimbic system b. Occipital lobe c. Hippocampus d. Stria
Carmen has a very difficult time breathing. Even after walking short distances, she is gasping for air. Carmen is exhibiting symptoms of
a. Parkinson's disease b. circadian rhythms. c. presbycusis. d. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
In controlled settings where male and female participants were exposed to aggression-evoking stimuli,
a. both were equally likely to be directly aggressive. b. women were more likely to be indirectly aggressive. c. women were more likely to be verbally aggressive. d. there were cultural differences in type of aggressive behavior of each gender.
In studies examining structural brain differences between homosexual and heterosexual individuals, researchers have found that a section of the anterior commissure, which connects the two hemispheres of the brain, is __________ in homosexual men
a. demyelinated b. absent c. larger d. smaller