Kohlberg calls the level of moral reasoning at which children are governed by self-interests and are motivated by rewards and punishment the ______.

a. preconventional level
b. autonomous level
c. conventional level
d. mutual exchange level


Ans: A

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Revisit a book that you remember loving as a child. Before you reread the book, write about your remembered response and connections to that book-what was it about the book that was significant for you as a child? Reread the book and write about your response as an adult. Compare the two responses.

What will be an ideal response?

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Which of the following represents Vygotsky's concept of a psychological tool?

a. gestures b. formulas c. memory techniques d. All of these answers.

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“College students will rate instructors who dress formally (i.e., business suit and tie) as having more expertise than instructors who dress casually (i.e., slacks and shirt)” (Sebastian & Bristow, 2008). In this study, the dependent variable is best described as ______.

a. instructors’ clothing b. college students c. instructors d. rating of expertise

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What type of research design should a researcher use if she wishes to determine if a statistical relationship exists between variables?

A. Qualitative B. Correlational C. Experimental D. Case study

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