The term “hyperpolarization” refers to
a. movement of the resting membrane potential closer to threshold.
b. movement of the resting membrane potential farther from the threshold
c. an excitatory postsynaptic potential.
d. the opening of sodium channels.
Answer: b. movement of the resting membrane potential farther from the threshold
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Which of the following is important for allowing large, charged molecules to pass through the membrane?
A. peripheral proteins B. cholesterol C. glycosylated lipids D. transmembrane proteins E. carbohydrate channels
A 29-year-old patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is suspected of having a C. neoformans infection in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A CSF specimen is collected and set up on cycloheximide agar. In addition, an India ink stain is set up. The India ink stain reveals encapsulated yeast; however, 3 weeks later, the cycloheximide agar is negative. Which one of the following
statements explains this discrepancy? a. The India ink result is most likely false positive. b. The ingredients in the cycloheximide agar most likely inhibited the growth of the organism. c. C. neoformans is rarely recovered from CSF; therefore the cycloheximide result is accurate. d. The India ink stain is most likely conta-minated.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of gas exchange in water, as compared to gas exchange in air?
a. Air is less dense than water.
b. Air contains a higher concentration of oxygen. c. Less energy is needed to move air over a gas exchange surface. d. Oxygen diffuses more slowly through air than water. e. Air is less viscous than water.
Which of the following is not a potential mode of alternative splicing?
a. alternative 3? splice sites b. alternative branch points c. mutually exclusive exons d. alternative 5? splice sites e. exon inclusion/skipping