At a depth of about 1030 m in the sea, the pressure has increased by 100 atmospheres (to 1.0 × 107 N/m2). By how much has 1.0 m3 of water been compressed by this pressure? The bulk modulus of water is 2.3 × 109 N/m2
A) 2.3 × 10-3 m3
B) 3.3 × 10-3 m3
C) 4.3 × 10-3 m3
D) 5.3 × 10-3 m3
E) 6.3 × 10-3 m3
Answer: C
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A light oil flows through a copper tube of 2.6-cm-ID and 3.2-cm-OD. Air flows perpendicular over the exterior of the tube as shown in the following sketch. The convection heat transfer coefficient for the oil is 120 W/(m2 K) and for the air is 35 W/(m2 K). Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient based on the outside area of the tube (a) considering the thermal resistance of the tube, (b) neglecting the resistance of the tube but assume that fouling factors of 0.0009 (m2 K)/W and 0.0004 (m2K)/W have developed on the inside and on the outside, respectively.
GIVEN
• Air flow over a copper tube with oil flow within the tube
• Tube diameters: Inside (Di) = 2.6 cm = 0.026 m
Outside (Do) = 3.2 cm = 0.032 m
• Convective heat transfer coefficients: Oil h i= 120 W/(m2 K) Air h o= 35 W/(m2 K)
• Fouling factors: Inside (Rdi) = 0.0009 (m2 K)/W
Outside (Rdo) = 0.0004 (m2 K)/W
FIND
• The overall heat transfer coefficient based on the outside tube area (Uo),
(a) considering the thermal resistance of the tube, and
(b) neglecting the tube resistance
ASSUMPTIONS
• Uniform heat transfer coefficients
• Variation of thermal properties is negligible
SKETCH
PROPERTIES AND CONSTANTS
the thermal conductivity of copper (k) = 392 W/(m K) (at 127°C)
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A. 0.25. B. 0.50. C. 1.0. D. 2.0. E. 4.0.
Where are the Cepheid and RR Lyrae variable stars located on the H-R Diagram?
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false