Which of the following is an established argument in favor of discretion in the criminal justice system?
A) Some state constitutions require discretion.
B) Discretion is noncontroversial.
C) Discretion is almost always effective.
D) It is impossible for any law to be fairly enforced.
E) Discretion is needed because the system lacks the resources to treat every case the same way.
E
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In the 1940s and 1950s the Supreme Court expressed its unhappiness with the voluntariness test to determine the constitutionality of confessions by using its supervisory power over federal cases to impose a ____________ test
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court rule that in hearings in which juveniles may be committed to an institution, they have the right to counsel, to notice of the charges against them, to question witnesses, and to protection
against self-incrimination? a. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania b. In re Winship c. Kent v. United States d. In re Gault
In the case of Kansas v. Hendricks (1997), the United States Supreme Court upheld the use of ______ laws that were nonpunitive.
a. death penalty b. drug c. vice d. civil commitment
Select the most accurate statement:
a. old idealists provide a description of the day-to-day handling of routine cases that is closer to reality than the new cynics' description b. conservative cynics provide a description of the day-to-day handling of routine cases that is closer to reality than the liberal cynics' description c. new cynics see irrational decision making undermining effective crime control while old idealists believe chaos of the system produces systematic discrimination d. conservative cynics see irrational decision making undermining effective crime control while liberal cynics believe chaos of the system produces systematic discrimination