)
A. PAMPs are molecules present only on microorganisms, and they serve as signal molecules for pathogen recognition.
B. Viruses do not contain PAMPs because they are not living cells.
C. PAMPs are signal molecules found on all organisms, and they help the immune system distinguish self from nonself.
D. PRRs are present at all times on phagocytic cells and even lymphocytes, regardless of whether they have encountered their corresponding PAMP.
E. Phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils and dendritic cells, only synthesize PRRs once they have encountered the corresponding PAMP.
F. Peptidoglycan, LPS, and double-stranded RNA are all PAMPs since they are not present in eukaryotic cells.
A. PAMPs are molecules present only on microorganisms, and they serve as signal molecules for pathogen recognition.
D. PRRs are present at all times on phagocytic cells and even lymphocytes, regardless of whether they have encountered their corresponding PAMP.
F. Peptidoglycan, LPS, and double-stranded RNA are all PAMPs since they are not present in eukaryotic cells.
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Transcriptome analysis is useful in relation to genome analysis because
A) it is NOT dependent on nucleic acid sequencing technology. B) it results in amino acid sequence and is, thus, easier to analyze. C) it analyzes RNA, thus it reveals which genes are expressed under different conditions. D) it reveals interactions between molecules and, thus, provides more information than genome analysis.
The size range of most plant and animal cells is ________.
A) 1—10 nm B) 1—5 ?m C) 10—50 ?m D) 0.1—0.5 mm E) 50—100 mm
Which of the following will result in modifications to the expected Mendelian ratios?
A) Epistasis B) Incomplete dominance C) Incomplete penetrance D) Gene interaction E) All of these
Green plants are able to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar and store it as _____.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).