Which of the following factors increase the risk of surgical patients for developing postoperative pneumonia? 1. Obesity 2. Prolonged intubation 3. History of smoking 4. Elderly
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: D
Patients at highest risk include elderly persons, the severely obese, those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or a history of smoking, and those having an artificial airway in place for long periods. Strong cough mechanism actually helps to prevent atelectasis and pneumonia.
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