Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Quasi-experimental research focuses less on internal validity and random assignment than experimental research.
2. Experimental research examines correlational relationships.
3. Survey researchers only conduct closed-ended questions in order to ensure responses are predetermined.
4. Participant observation research can be covert or overt.
5. If a researcher is interested in examining graffiti artists in their natural environment in attempt to understand the subculture of graffiti artists and the meanings behind their work, a content analysis approach would be best for this research.


1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. False

Criminal Justice

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The hierarchy rule counts only the most serious crime in an incident involving multiple crimes

a. true b. false

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Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

Utilitarianism requires that people ignore their own self-interest.

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Most jail health-care expenses are paid out of ______.

A. local budgets B. federal funds C. private donations D. prisoners' own pockets

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Which ONE of the following statements represents the current view of the United States Supreme Court with respect to race-based peremptory challenges of prospective jurors?

a. Racial motivation in the exercise of peremptory challenges is subject to challenge only when the defendant and the prospective juror are of the same race. b. Racial motivation of a prosecutor who exercises a peremptory challenge is subject to challenge irrespective of the defendant and prospective juror being of the same race. c. A defendant may challenge the prosecution’s peremptory challenge, but the prosecution may not challenge a defendant from engaging in discrimination on the ground of race. d. Peremptory challenges by the prosecution and defense may be exercised subject to the discretion of the trial court without regard to racial motivation.

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