Under which of the following conditions may carbon dioxide removal be impaired? 1. When a mismatch exists. 2. When the dead space ventilation/min is increased. 3. When the minute ventilation is inadequate
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
Anything that decreases alveolar ventilation can impair carbon dioxide removal. A decrease in alveolar ventilation occurs when (1) the minute ventilation is inadequate, (2) the dead space ven-tilation per minute is increased, or (3) a imbalance exists.
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