What will be an ideal response?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Temperament involves early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation. Reactivity refers to quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity. Self-regulation refers to strategies that modify that reactivity. The psychological traits that make up temperament are believed to form the cornerstone of the adult personality. When we describe one person as cheerful and upbeat, another as active and energetic, and still others as calm, cautious, persistent, or prone to angry outbursts, we are referring to temperament.
Researchers Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess developed a model of temperament that inspired all others that followed. Thomas and Chess identified the difficult child as irregular in daily routines, slow to accept new experiences, and tending to react negatively and intensely. The difficult pattern has sparked the most interest because it places children at high risk for adjustment problems—both anxious withdrawal and aggressive behavior in early and middle childhood. Nevertheless, the difficult label has been criticized because judgments of child difficulty vary widely across caregivers and cultures.
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Which term refers to a measure of intelligence that takes into account a test taker's mental and chronological age?
A. standard age B. physical age C. intelligence quotient D. mental age
What was the outcome when four New York City police officers were charged with killing Amadou Diallo?
A. The police officers were found not guilty. B. The police officers were found guilty of first-degree murder. C. The officers were found guilty of second-degree murder. D. The officers were found guilty of manslaughter.
When people in Western countries try to find reasons for someone else's behavior, they tend to:
a. ignore dispositional attributions in favor of situational attributions. b. leap to the attribution that people's behaviors correspond to the context. c. explore the personality traits and the environmental constraints to derive an explanation. d. overestimate personality traits and underestimate the influence of the situation.
Positive psychology requires a shift in perspective toward
A) ?blind optimism. B) ?the equivalent of putting on rose-colored glasses. C) ?helping people harness their strengths, virtues, and other good qualities to enhance their lives. D) ?denying that psychological suffering exists.