Outline sociologist Joe Feagin's four major types of discrimination and provide examples of each

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Sociologist Joe Feagin has identified four major types of discrimination.

Isolate discrimination is harmful action intentionally taken by a dominant

group member against a member of a subordinate group. This type of

discrimination occurs without the support of other members of the

dominant group in the immediate social or community context. For

example, a prejudiced judge may give harsher sentences to all African

American defendants but may not be supported by the judicial system in

that action. Small-group discrimination is harmful action intentionally

taken by a limited number of dominant group members against members

of subordinate groups. This type of discrimination is not supported by

existing norms or other dominant group members in the immediate social

or community context. For example, a small group of white students may

deface a professor's office with racist epithets without the support of

other students or faculty members. Direct institutionalized discrimination

is organizationally prescribed or community-prescribed action that

intentionally has a differential and negative impact on members of

subordinate groups. These actions are routinely carried out by a number

of dominant group members based on the norms of the immediate

organization or community. For example, intentional exclusion of people

of color from public accommodations. Indirect institutionalized

discrimination refers to practices that have a harmful impact on

subordinate group members even though the organizationally or

community-prescribed norms or regulation guiding these actions were

initially established with no intent or harm. For example, special

education classes were originally intended to provide extra educational

opportunities for children with various types of disabilities.