What is the distinction between the terms "proto-oncogene" and "oncogene"?
a) Proto-oncogenes are the normal wild-type condition of oncogenes
b) Products of proto-oncogenes are what control expression of oncogenes
c) Proto-oncogenes are a family of evolutionarily ancient oncogenes
d) Proto-oncogenes favor tumorigenesis whereas oncogenes block it
Answer: a) Proto-oncogenes are the normal wild-type condition of oncogenes
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A. true B. false
Use the figure above for the following question(s)
10. The mass number of the atom depicted in the figure is
a. 5. b. 7. c. 8. d. 15. e. 22.
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a. are only used by fishes for navigational purposes b. can be used for communication between primates c. are only able to receive, not produce, electrical signals d. can be used to generate electrical fields in some invertebrates having special electric organs e. are usually used in communication, navigation, and hunting in the organisms that possess them
Regulation of the cell cycle is dependent on cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. The key(s) that allows a cell to progress beyond the restriction point is (are)
a. Cdk1 and cyclin B. b. cyclin D and p21. c. cyclin A and Cdk2. d. phosphorylation of RB by Cdk4 and Cdk2. e. external signals from growth factors.