Julian seeks professional help for his fear of spiders. In stages, his therapist shows him pictures, movies, and models of spiders; then a real dead spider, a small live spider in a jar, several live spiders in a jar,
and finally a live spider loose in the room. At each stage, the therapist made sure that Julian was fully relaxed. This technique is known as ________.
a. aversive conditioning
b. stepwise regression
c. transactional therapy
d. systematic desensitization
Answer: d
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_____ is more robust in North Americans relative to Eastern cultures.
A) The sunk-cost fallacy B) The conjunction fallacy C) Optimism bias D) Availability bias
According to a British study on siblings and gender typing, which of the following children is likely to be the most gender-typed?
A) David, who has an older brother B) Devon, who has no siblings C) Debbie, who has an older brother D) Daniel, who has an older sister
Architects often apply the Müller-Lyer illusion in project presentations because it can help to portray:
A. depth. B. distance. C. infinity. D. shadow.
Which of the following is most likely to have caused a decline in animal research?
A. The increasing protests from animal activists groups B. Declining safety measures to shelter animals for a long period C. A decreasing interest in conducting cognitive research with human participants D. The increasing costs incurred to conduct an animal research