What process causes brain damage resulting from increased intracranial pressure related to cerebral edema?
A. Axonal shearing and tearing from displacement of the brain in the cranium
B. Myelin degeneration from circulating enzymes released in areas of tissue damage
C. Cerebral tissue hypoxia and ischemia from compression of blood vessels
D. Decreased cerebral perfusion from hypotension and blood loss
C
As the capillaries leak in response to injury, brain tissue swelling occurs within the confining limits of the bony cranium. The pressure within the brain tissue rises, compressing cerebral blood vessels and decreasing blood flow. This reduced cerebral capillary perfusion results in tissue hypoxia, anoxia, ischemia, and cell death.
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The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with an ischemic stroke and knows that effective positioning of the patient is important. Which of the following should be integrated into the patient's plan of care?
A) The patient's hip joint should be maintained in a flexed position. B) The patient should be in a supine position unless ambulating. C) The patient should be placed in a prone position for 15 to 30 minutes several times a day. D) The patient should be placed in a Trendelenberg position two to three times daily to promote cerebral perfusion.
A patient tells the nurse that she is afraid of getting cervical cancer because her mother died of cervical cancer. The most appropriate response by the nurse would be:
1. "You need to a have a pelvic examination every 6 months because of your histo-ry." 2. "If you have regular Pap smears, cervical cancer is usually diagnosed early and cured." 3. "There's no need to worry so much. Cervical cancer does not run in families." 4. "Cervical cancer is sexually transmitted. Don't switch partners often and you don't have to worry."
A pregnant patient reports feeling pain similar to menstrual cramps. What should the nurse explain about this patient's symptoms?
A) Exercise helps reduce the frequency of them. B) If rhythmical, they could indicate preterm labor. C) Lying down for a few hours will help them stop. D) They are false labor and do not need to be reported.
A pregnant patient has a hemoglobin of 10 g/dl and a Hct of 30%. The clinic nurse recognizes the fetus is at risk for: Note: Credit will be given only if all correct and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply
1. Macrosomia. 2. Respiratory distress syndrome. 3. Low birth weight. 4. Prematurity. 5. Prenatal mortality.