Discuss the trends indicated in The Monitoring the Future survey. Explain your view of the indicated trends
What will be an ideal response?
• About 45,000 students located in 433 secondary schools participate in the study.
• The most recent MTF survey in 2009 indicates that, with a few exceptions, drug use among American adolescents continued to decline from the peak levels reached in 1996 and 1997 .
• Annual drug use was down by more than one-third (34 percent) for 8th graders during this time period, while reductions have been somewhat lower for those in the 10th (24 percent) and 12th (14 percent) grades. Drug use peaked in the late 1970s and early 1980s and then began a decade-long decline until showing an uptick in the mid-1990s; usage for most drugs has been stable or in decline since then.
• Especially encouraging has been a significant drop in the use of alcohol by the youngest kids in the survey—a 10 percent drop in annual rates in the last five years (from 33.9 percent in 2005 to 30.3 percent in 2009) and a 30 percent drop in the last 10 years (from 43.1 percent in 2000).
• There has also been a continuing decline in cigarette smoking, as well as the use of smokeless tobacco products. According to the study authors, cigarette use in 2009 was at its lowest levels recorded in the life of the MTF survey – 34 years in the case of high school seniors.
• In recent years, a great deal of attention has been paid to the use of prescription-type drugs such as narcotics, tranquilizers, and sedatives among youths. From 2008 to 2009, annual use of OxyContin, a prescription painkiller narcotic, was marginally higher among 12th-graders (from 4.7 percent in 2008 to 4.9 percent in 2009), but reached its highest level among 10th-graders: 5.1 percent, which is up 42 percent from the previous year.
• Student views will vary.
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Matching
Column 1 Column 2 1. Signs a. The distortion or dilution of content when information is passed from individual to individual 2. Noise b. The two-way passing of information that makes it easy to understand. It permits the development of ideas and enables those affected by decisions to participate in making them 3. Filtering c. Result(s) from lack of discrimination in separating relevant and irrelevant information 4. Communications Net d. Can be issued with relative ease, since concurrence by those affected is not sought. They have the advantage of speed and are well adapted to emergency conditions 5. Overloading e. The meanings that emanate from what is perceived 6. Autocratic Communication f. Provides for a minimum of contacts, thereby leaving subordinates to operate in isolation 7. Democratic Communication g. The channels through which communications pass 8. Free-Rein Communication h. According to theorists, the static that interferes with the transmission of messages
The first stage of this classification system placed the convict in segregated confinement with work and training being provided to the offender.
a. Irish penal system b. Mark system c. Elmira reformatory system d. English penal system
The watchman style is characterized by an emphasis on the maintenance of public order as the police goal
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The aftercare officer is usually a probation officer
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.