A parent asks the nurse if there is anything that can be done to reduce pain that his three-year-old experiences each morning when blood is drawn for lab studies
The most appropriate method the nurse can suggest to relieve pain associated with the venipuncture is: 1. Intravenous sedation 15 minutes prior to the procedure.
2. Use of guided imagery during the procedure.
3. EMLA cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) applied to the skin at least one hour prior to the procedure.
4. Use of muscle-relaxation techniques.
3
Rationale 1: Sedation is not generally used with quick, minor procedures such as venipuncture.
Rationale 2: A three-year-old is too young to participate in techniques such as muscle relaxation and guided imagery. EMLA cream is shown to be effective in providing topical anesthesia if applied at least one hour prior to the procedure.
Rationale 3: EMLA cream is shown to be effective in providing topical anesthesia if applied at least one hour prior to the procedure.
Rationale 4: A three-year-old is too young to participate in techniques such as muscle relaxation and guided imagery. EMLA cream is shown to be effective in providing topical anesthesia if applied at least one hour prior to the procedure.
Global Rationale:
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A patient tells the nurse that he had chest pain into his left arm while moving a heavy trash can that lasted for about 10 seconds and stopped when he put the trash can down. This information would be included in which aspects of the PQRST assessment for chest pain?
1. P 2. Q 3. R 4. S 5. T
The nurse reviewing a research report recognizes that a discussion of oncogenes will address
a. a chemotherapeutic agent that eradicates viruses that cause cancer. b. factors in the immune system protecting the client from malignant growths. c. risk factors in cancer development. d. segments of DNA that transform normal cells into malignant cells.