Which of the following is not a virulence factor of Shigella species?
A) the manufacture of several toxins that damage intestinal cells and induce fluid efflux
B) the capability to cause stomach ulcers
C) the ability to escape from phagocytes
D) the capacity to pass between infected cells using an actin propulsion system
E) a system that induces host cells to endocytose the bacteria
Answer: B
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Why is it that there is less variation among individuals in any one non-African population than among individuals in the contemporary African population?
A. Because the individuals that left Africa were a relatively small sample of the total amount of variation present. B. Because the individuals that left Africa exhibited a greater number of mutations than the African population. C. Because the African population was larger than the populations that left, they had more mutation. D. There is no reason because the above statement is incorrect.
Genes that are always "turned on" in a cell are referred to as
A) regulated genes. B) mutations. C) inducible. D) constitutive. E) catabolic.
Which of the following produces bile?
A. gallbladder B. liver C. stomach D. pancreas E. appendix
Which of the following is consistent with the principle of base pairing?
a. purine-purine b. pyrimidine-pyrimidine c. adenine-thymine d. guanine-thymine