The increase in carbon dioxide concentration since the 1950s is NOT the result of which of the following?
A) increase in the burning dirty fossil fuels like coal
B) increase in the burning of cleaner fossil fuels like natural gas
C) deforestation of large tracts of woodland
D) none of the above
Answer: D
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Shield volcanoes are ____
a. explosive b. rhyolitic c. the largest type of volcano d. the smallest type of volcano
Convective cooling cools rocks much more rapidly than heat conduction. Hydrothermal circulation represents convective cooling at ocean ridges and is well known from things like black smokes, but only occurs close to the spreading ridge axis
When geophysicists measure the geothermal gradient in areas along ridges where there is no hydrothermal activity, the thermal gradient is far below what you would predict theoretically, but near hydrothermal vents it is far more than you would predict. Why would this be? A) Organisms growing around hydrothermal vents disturb the thermal properties, insulating the surface, to make an apparent high thermal gradient. B) Most of the heat is carried away by convection as hydrothermal systems, so the average geothermal gradient away from the hydrothermal circulation is depressed. C) The thermal gradient in water represented by the hydrothermal system must be different than the rock, so it is measurement artifact. D) The measurements are incorrect because it is too hot to measure thermal gradient in molten rock.
The term __________ indicates a city that is more than twice as large as their second city and exceptionally expressive of national feeling and heritage.
a. primate city b. central business district c. megalopolis d. conglomerate e. urban core
The Big Bang refers to
A. the creation of the moon. B. the origin of the heavy elements in a supernova. C. the creation of the solar system. D. the origin of the Universe. E. None of these choices are correct.