Explain how drugs of abuse may act via the same substrate engaged by natural rewards
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The mesolimbic dopamine system terminates in the nucleus accumbens. Food for a hungry rat and water for a thirsty rat cause the release of dopamine from the nucleus accumbens, as do drugs that are self-administered (e.g., cocaine and amphetamine).
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Distinguish between negative and positive life changes in terms of the amount of stress they produce
What will be an ideal response?
The most common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is ____
a. ?auditory b. ?tactile c. ?olfactory d. ?visual
Your sister is pregnant. She has always been health-conscious and exercises regularly. She is planning on engaging in aerobic exercise by continuing to go to her exercise classes. According to most physicians, she should _________________
a. be very careful as this type of exercise during pregnancy could lower muscle mass b. exercise regularly as she will stimulate the circulatory system and muscles c. exercise regularly because it lowers the chances of teratogens reaching the fetus d. avoid aerobic exercise as it has been shown to dangerously increase fetal heart rate
According to research by Festinger, Pepitone, and Newcomb (1952), which of the following is true of the relation between deindividuation and self-awareness?
A. Diminished self-awareness and self-restraint tend to decrease people's responsiveness to an immediate situation. B. Circumstances that decrease self-awareness, as alcohol consumption does, decrease deindividuation. C. People who are self-conscious exhibit greater consistency between their words outside a situation and their deeds in it. D. Deindividuation is more likely when self-awareness is high.