What is the significance of the minerals present in hydrothermal vents in the surface metabolism model of chemical evolution?
A) The minerals provided kinetic energy for the formation of organic molecules.
B) The minerals helped catalyze the formation of organic molecules.
C) The minerals helped nonpolar molecules dissolve in water.
D) The minerals became incorporated into functional groups.
Answer: B) The minerals helped catalyze the formation of organic molecules.
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The Calvin cycle and light-harvesting reactions are separated in __________
A. time B. space C. time and space D. different organelles E. None of the answer options is correct.
Eutrophication can lead to
a. an algal bloom. b. fish congregations. c. decreased water clarity. d. slow plant growth rates. e. a and c only.
Four of the five structures listed below are innervated
by the autonomic nervous system. Select the exception. a. skeletal muscles b. smooth muscles c. heart d. endocrine glands e. exocrine glands
Given that the enzymes that catalyze nitrogen fixation are inhibited by oxygen, what are two "strategies" that nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes might use to protect these enzymes from oxygen?
1. Couple them with photosystem II (the photosystem that splits water molecules). 2. Package them in membranes that are impermeable to all gases. 3. Be obligate anaerobes. 4. Be strict aerobes. 5. Package these enzymes in specialized cells or compartments that inhibit oxygen entry. A) 1 and 4 B) 2 and 4 C) 3 and 4 D) 3 and 5