Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is caused by:
a. type II alveolar cell injury and decreased surfactant.
b. alveolar fibrosis and pulmonary edema.
c. mucous secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema.
d. collapse of the cartilaginous rings in the bronchi.
ANS: C
The mediators of asthma cause vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, mucosal edema, bronchial smooth muscle contraction (bronchospasm), and mucous secretion from mucosal goblet cells with narrowing of the airways and obstruction to airflow. Acute respiratory distress syn-drome involves type II injury. Alveolar fibrosis with pulmonary edema is not associated with asthma. Asthma is not associated with collapse of bronchiolar rings.
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