Write a well-crafted version of the following argument, identifying any equivocations or persuasive definitions: Every action is the result of either physical forces or mental forces, or both. But physical forces are predetermined by the physical state of the world at a given moment and the laws of physics. If we knew enough about the state of things and physics, we should be able to predict future physical action. Similarly, mental forces are predetermined by the mental state of the universe at a given moment and the laws of psychology. If we knew enough about the mental states of minds, and enough psychology, we would be able to predict future mental force. All future forces are thus predictable, and thus so is all future action. Since predictability is just what one means by
predestination, it follows that the future is predestined.
What will be an ideal response?
1. Physical forces are predetermined by the physical state of the world at a given moment and the laws of physics.
So, 2. If we knew enough about the state of things and physics, we should be able to predict future physical action.
3. Mental forces are predetermined by the mental state of the universe at a given moment and the laws of psychology.
So, 4. If we knew enough about the mental states of minds, and enough psychology, we would be able to predict future mental force.
5. Every action is the result of either physical forces or mental forces, or both.
So, 6. All future forces are predictable.
So, 7. All future actions are predictable.
8. Predictability is just what one means by predestination. (persuasive definition)
So, 9. The future is predestined.
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If an argument is sound, then
A) it is valid and has true premises. B) there are counterexamples to it. C) it lacks entailment.
The Bhagavad-Gita is
a. the story of Rama's incarnation on earth b. a manual for performing sacrificial rituals c. an account of Krishna's childhood deeds d. Krishna's instruction to Arjuna on the art of self-transcendence
A key premise in Anselm’s ontological argument is the claim that
a. every effect requires a cause. b. evidence of design points to the logical necessity of there being a designer. c. there cannot be an infinite chain of causes. cexisting in reality is greater than existing in the understanding alone.