Which of the following terms is defined as the assumption that one's own culture is the standard by which other cultures should be judged?
A. racism
B. ethnocentrism
C. emic
D. assimilation
Answer: B
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When a person in a position of authority processes an individual without questioning the basis for the rules and procedures, he or she is engaging in _____
a. consensus b. labeling c. exploitation d. social control
When the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project looked at patterns of religion and migration, which religious group accounted for the largest number of immigrants worldwide?
A. Muslims B. Christians C. Hindus D. Jews
An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. While she does not partake in this "treat" herself, she does not judge the practice. She is exhibiting
A. cultural relativism. B. ethnocentrism. C. monophobicism. D. xenocentrism.
Sarah has lived all of her life in a small town where most of the residents work in either the local paper mill or cement plant. Although she excels academically, she has never seriously considered attending college. Few people in her family graduated from high school, and the only people she knows with college degrees are her teachers. Now, in her senior year, Sarah, like several of her friends, is taking cosmetology classes, with the idea of going to work in a hair salon following graduation. Which concept best accounts for Sarah's orientations to education and work?
A. Cooley's looking-glass self B. Mead's game stage C. Bourdieu's habitus D. Goffman's dramaturgical perspective